Course Description
Sure! Here is a summary of key grammar concepts typically covered at the B1 level in Spanish:

1. *Subjunctive Mood (Present Subjunctive)*
– Used to express desires, doubts, the unknown, the abstract, and emotions.
– *Regular Conjugations*:
– *-ar Verbs*: hable, hables, hable, hablemos, habléis, hablen
– *-er/-ir Verbs*: coma, comas, coma, comamos, comáis, coman; viva, vivas, viva, vivamos, viváis, vivan
– *Common Irregular Verbs*:
– *Ser*: sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean
– *Estar*: esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén
– *Ir*: vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan

2. *Imperfect Subjunctive*
– Used for the same purposes as the present subjunctive, but in past contexts.
– *Conjugation*:
– *-ar Verbs*: hablara/hablase, hablaras/hablases, hablara/hablase, habláramos/hablásemos, hablarais/hablaseis, hablaran/hablasen
– *-er/-ir Verbs*: comiera/comiese, comieras/comieses, comiera/comiese, comiéramos/comiésemos, comierais/comieseis, comieran/comiesen

3. *Future Subjunctive*
– Rarely used in modern Spanish, more common in legal and literary contexts.
– *Conjugation*: Similar to the imperfect subjunctive.

4. *Conditional Tense*
– Used to express what would happen under certain circumstances.
– *Conjugation*:
– Example: *hablaría, **hablarías, **hablaría, **hablaríamos, **hablaríais, **hablarían*
– *Irregular Verbs*:
– *Tener*: tendría, tendrías, tendría, tendríamos, tendríais, tendrían
– *Hacer*: haría, harías, haría, haríamos, haríais, harían

5. *Past Perfect Subjunctive*
– Used to describe actions that had happened before another past action, in subjunctive contexts.
– *Form*: Haber (imperfect subjunctive) + past participle
– Example: *hubiera hablado, **hubieras comido, **hubiéramos vivido*

6. *Commands (Imperative)*
– *Affirmative Commands*:
– *Tú*: habla (speak), come (eat), vive (live)
– *Usted*: hable, coma, viva
– *Vosotros*: hablad, comed, vivid
– *Ustedes*: hablen, coman, vivan
– *Negative Commands*:
– *Tú*: no hables, no comas, no vivas
– *Usted*: no hable, no coma, no viva
– *Vosotros*: no habléis, no comáis, no viváis
– *Ustedes*: no hablen, no coman, no vivan

7. *Relative Pronouns*
– *Que* (that, which, who)
– *Quien/Quienes* (who, whom)
– *El que/La que/Los que/Las que* (the one that, those who)
– *Cuyo/Cuya/Cuyos/Cuyas* (whose)

8. *Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns Together*
– *Order*: Indirect object pronoun + Direct object pronoun
– Example: *Se lo doy* (I give it to him/her).

9. *Present Perfect Tense*
– Used to describe actions that have happened at an unspecified time before now.
– *Form*: Haber (present) + past participle
– Example: *he hablado, **has comido, **ha vivido*

10. *Future Perfect Tense*
– Used to describe actions that will have been completed at some point in the future.
– *Form*: Haber (future) + past participle
– Example: *habré hablado, **habrás comido, **habrá vivido*

11. *Conditional Perfect Tense*
– Used to describe actions that would have occurred but didn’t.
– *Form*: Haber (conditional) + past participle
– Example: *habría hablado, **habrías comido, **habría vivido*

12. *Uses of “Por” and “Para”*
– *Por*: for (duration, cause, means), by, through
– Example: *por la mañana* (in the morning), *por avión* (by plane)
– *Para*: for (purpose, recipient, deadline), in order to
– Example: *para ti* (for you), *para el lunes* (by Monday)

13. *Expressions of Time*
– *Hace + time + que + present tense*: to have been doing something for a period of time
– Example: *Hace dos años que estudio español* (I have been studying Spanish for two years).
– *Desde hace + time*: since, for
– Example: *Estudio español desde hace dos años* (I have been studying Spanish for two years).

14. *Relative Clauses*
– Clauses introduced by relative pronouns to provide more information about a noun.
– Example: *La casa que compré es grande* (The house that I bought is big).

15. *If-Clauses*
– *Type 1 (Possible situations)*: Si + present indicative, future/imperative/indicative
– Example: *Si estudio, aprobaré* (If I study, I will pass).
– *Type 2 (Hypothetical situations)*: Si + imperfect subjunctive, conditional
– Example: *Si estudiara, aprobaría* (If I studied, I would pass).
– *Type 3 (Impossible past situations)*: Si + past perfect subjunctive, conditional perfect
– Example: *Si hubiera estudiado, habría aprobado* (If I had studied, I would have passed).

16. *Indirect Speech*
– Reporting what someone else said.
– Example: *Él dijo que vendría* (He said he would come).

17. *Vocabulary Expansion*
– *Travel and Transportation*: aeropuerto (airport), estación (station), viaje (trip)
– *Health and Medicine*: médico (doctor), hospital (hospital), medicamento (medicine)
– *Work and Professions*: trabajo (job), empresa (company), empleado (employee)
– *Hobbies and Leisure*: leer (to read), deportes (sports), música (music)
– *Education*: escuela (school), universidad (university), examen (exam)

These concepts build on the A1 and A2 levels, providing a more solid foundation in Spanish grammar and enabling more complex communication and comprehension.